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EREN研究文章|氢储能系统的机遇与限制

21 10月 2024 gabriels

In contrast to battery storage systems, power-to-hydrogen-to-power (P-H2-P) storage systems provide opportunities to separately optimize the costs and efficiency of the system’s charging, storage, and discharging components. The value of capital cost reduction relative to round-trip efficiency improvements of P-H2-P systems is not well understood in electricity systems with abundant curtailed power. Here, we used a macro-energy model to evaluate the sensitivity of system costs to techno-economic characteristics of P-H2-P systems in stylized wind-solar-battery electricity systems with restricted natural gas generation. Assuming current costs and current round-trip P-H2-P efficiencies, least-cost wind and solar electricity systems had large amounts of excess variable renewable generation capacity. These systems included P-H2-P in the least-cost solution, despite its low round-trip efficiency and relatively high P-H2-P power discharge costs. These electricity system costs were not highly sensitive to the efficient use of otherwise-curtailed power, but were sensitive to the capital cost of the P-H2-P power discharge component. If the capital costs of the charging and discharging components were decreased relative to generation costs, curtailment would decrease, and electricity system costs would become increasingly sensitive to improvements in the P-H2-P round-trip efficiency. These results suggest that capital cost reductions, especially in the discharge component, provide a key opportunity for innovation in P-H2-P systems for applications in electricity systems dominated by wind and solar generation. Analysis of underground salt cavern storage constraints in U.S.-based wind and solar scenarios suggests that ample hydrogen storage capacity could be obtained by repurposing the depleted natural gas reservoirs that are currently used for seasonal natural gas storage.

文章介绍

Opportunities and constraints of hydrogen energy storage systems

Jacqueline A Dowling, Tyler H Ruggles, Edgar A Virgüez, Natasha D Reich, Zachary P Ifkovits, Steven J Davis, Anna X Li, Kathleen M Kennedy, Katherine Z Rinaldi, Lei Duan, Ken Caldeira and Nathan S Lewis

通讯作者：

Jacqueline A Dowling，美国加州理工学院/美国卡内基研究院
Nathan S Lewis，美国加州理工学院

期刊介绍

Environmental Research : Energy

Environmental Research: Energy是一本多学科、开放获取的期刊，致力于解决与能源相关的重要挑战，并在影响/未来风险、复原力、环境减缓、环境适应、环境安全和最广泛意义上的解决方案方面进行努力。